Which of the following best describes the functionality of the Ultrasonic Sensor?

The Ultrasonic Sensor is specifically designed to measure the proximity of objects by using sound waves, which makes the second option the best description of its functionality. It emits high-frequency sound waves and then listens for the echo as those waves bounce off surrounding objects. By calculating the time it takes for the sound waves to return, the sensor can determine the distance between itself and the nearest object. This capability is particularly useful in robotics for navigating around obstacles or determining how far away an object is, enabling effective interaction with the environment.

Other options do not accurately describe the function of the Ultrasonic Sensor. Temperature detection is a role of temperature sensors, color differentiation is handled by color sensors, and humidity levels are tracked by humidity sensors. Each of these sensors has a specific purpose that is unrelated to the sound-based distance measurement provided by the Ultrasonic Sensor.